QUANTITATIVE DATA GATHERING TECHNIQUES

  DEFINITION:  a type of research that explores and provides deeper insights into real-world problems.  Instead of collecting numerical data points or intervene or introduce treatments just like in quantitative research, qualitative research helps generate hypotheses as well as further investigate and understand quantitative data.       Qualitative research gathers participants' experiences, perceptions, and behavior. It answers the hows and whys instead of how many or how much. It could be structured as a stand-alone study, purely relying on qualitative data or it could be part of mixed-methods research that combines qualitative and quantitative data. CHARACTERISTICS:  - Natural environment (natural setting). - Researcher as a key instrument (researcher as key instrument). - Multiple sources of data. - Inductive data analysis. - The meaning of the participants (participant's meaning). - Design that develops (emergent design). MAIN USES: ADVANTAG...

  DEFINITION:  a way of collecting data by reviewing existing documents. The documents may be internal to a program or organization (such as records of what components of an asthma management program were implemented in schools) or may be external (such as records of emergency room visits by students served by an asthma management program). Documents may be hard copy or electronic and may include reports, program logs, performance ratings, funding proposals, meeting minutes, newsletters, and marketing materials. CHARACTERISTICS: ensure accuracy in your project data check for completeness of documentation verify that the documentation meets the requirements of your project ensure that the documentation is compliant with standards MAIN USES:      • To gather background information. Reviewing existing documents helps you understand the history, philosophy, and operation of the program you are evaluating and the organization in which it operates.    ...

  DEFINITION: s urveys are primary research tools that provide data as part of your overall research strategies. Survey research is critical to getting the answers you need to make informed decisions about everything from product development to marketing campaigns.       Understanding more about survey research will help you create effective surveys that yield valuable primary research   data. CHARACTERISTICS:  MAIN USES: - To obtain information from program staff. - To manage or clientele in a particular location as part of a case study or series of case studies . - T o identify suitable recommendations regarding deficiencies revealed by an audit. ADVANTAGES AND DISADVANTAGES: ✅Easy to do ✅Cost-effective ✅Gather data from a large sample. ✅Collect quantitative and qualitative data ❌Accuracy ❌Non-responses ❌Interpretation differences

  DEFINITION :  is a research method that aims to simultaneously investigate and solve an issue. In other words, as its name suggests, action research conducts research and takes action at the same time. It was first coined as a term in 1944 by MIT professor Kurt Lewin.      A highly interactive method, action research is often used in the social sciences, particularly in educational settings. Particularly popular with educators as a form of systematic inquiry, it prioritizes reflection and bridges the gap between theory and practice. Due to the nature of the research, it is also sometimes called a   cycle of action   or a   cycle of inquiry . CHARACTERISTICS : MAIN USES: ADVANTAGES AND DISADVANTAGES: ✅Action research is  highly adaptable , allowing researchers to mold their analysis to their individual needs and implement practical individual-level changes. ✅Action research provides an  immediate and actionable path  forward for so...

  DEFINITION:    involves providing the respondent with a word or phrase and asking them to share the first word that comes to their mind. For example,  a researcher could share a list of brands with a group of respondents and each respondent is asked to share the first word that comes to mind . CHARACTERISTICS: MAIN USES: -      Allows respondents to project their subjective or true opinions and beliefs onto other people or even objects .  The respondent's real feelings are then inferred from what s/he says about others. -      Normally used during individual or small group interviews. ADVANTAGES AND DISADVANTAGES: ✅       It can be used to test for a subject’s unconscious thoughts and feelings about an object or event. ✅       It is a powerful tool for understanding the unconscious processes in the human mind, as it allows us to see how people think about things that have not been conscious...